The Four German Cases
Dative - Der Wemfall
Summary | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive
Werfall | Wenfall | Wemfall | Wesfall
Nominativ | Akkusativ | Dativ | Genitiv
The Dative Case Used with Nouns
ALSO > The dative case with Prepositions
The dative case in German is a vital element of communicating in German. In English the dative case is known as the indirect object. Unlike the accusative, which only changes in the masculine gender, the dative changes in all genders and in the plural. The pronouns also change correspondingly.
In addition to its function as the indirect object, the dative is also used after certain dative verbs and with dative prepositions. In the examples below, the dative word or expression is in red:
Der Polizist gibt dem Fahrer einen Strafzettel.
The policeman is giving the driver a ticket.
Ich danke Ihnen.
I thank you.
Wir machen das mit einem Computer.
We do that with a computer.
The indirect object (dative) is usually the receiver of the direct object (accusative). In the first example above, the driver got the ticket. Often the dative can be translated with "to"-"the policeman gives the ticket to the driver." The following color-coded chart shows how the dative forms are used in various situations.
| Definite Article (the) | ||
| Fall Case |
Masc. | Fem. |
| Nom | der | die |
| Dat | dem | der der Frau der Verkäuferin |
| dem Bleistift dem Mann dem Wagen |
||
| dem Präsidenten* dem Jungen* |
||
| *Note: Some masc. nouns add an -en or -n ending in the dative and in all other cases besides the nominative. | ||
| Fall Case |
Neu. | Plur. |
| Nom | das | die |
| Dat | dem dem Mädchen dem Haus |
den den Leuten den Autos |
| Note: In the dative, plural nouns add an -en or -n if the plural does not already end in -n, except for plurals ending in -s. | ||
| Indefinite Article (ein, eine, keine) | ||
| Fall Case |
Masc. | Fem. |
| Nom | ein | eine |
| Dat | einem | einer einer Frau einer Verkäuferin |
| einem Bleistift einem Mann einem Wagen |
||
| einem Präsidenten* einem Jungen* |
||
| *Note: Some masc. nouns add an -en or -n ending in the dative and in all other cases besides the nominative. | ||
| Fall Case |
Neu. | Plur. |
| Nom | ein | keine |
| Dat | einem einem Mädchen einem Haus |
keinen keinen Leuten keinen Autos |
| Note: In the dative, plural nouns add an -en or -n if the plural does not already end in -n, except for plurals ending in -s. | ||
The Germanic word for the dative case, der Wemfall, reflects the der-to-dem change. The question word in the dative is, naturally enough, wem ([to] whom): Wem hast du das Buch gegeben?, Whom did you give book? (Who'd you give the book to?)
Some German verbs do not take an accusative object. For more about these exceptions, see Dative Verbs (including genitive verbs).
Dative Prepositions
The dative is also used with certain prepositions. For more, see the next page.
NEXT > Dative Prepositions (plus two-way prep.)
MORE > Summary | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive
Related Pages
Grammar Glossary
German grammar terms explained in plain English.
Dative Verbs
An overview of special verbs that take an object in the dative. From your Guide.
Adjective Endings (1)
The German adjective endings in the nominative case.
Adjective Endings (2)
The German adjective endings in the accusative and dative cases.
German for Beginners Course - Adjectives and Colors
Lesson 5 in our online course for German. From your Guide.
German Word Order
A helpful guide to German syntax.
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